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Barefoot College, an organisation based in Tilonia — a small village two hours’ drive west of Jaipur through the arid farmland of Rajasthan — that aims to help the estimated 41 per cent of the Indian population who live below the international poverty line. Roy’s model — educating local people through peer-to-peer learning — is transformational in that it relies on the passing on of traditional skills and knowledge rather than an emphasis on outside educators bringing new ideas and influences. Local people are trained as doctors, teachers, engineers, architects, designers, mechanics, communicators and accountants and they use simple technology in innovative and disruptive ways: mobile phones are set to work monitoring water quality through an online dataset, solar-powered cookers are constructed to break dependence on wood or costly kerosene. Some lessons at the college are recorded and uploaded to the internet. There is no hierarchy: everyone eats sitting on the floor and no one receives a salary of more than $150 per month. Importantly, there is financial transparency. Staff bank accounts are published, as are company finances.
“The model has taken into account the pace at which people think, the culture, which is respected, and the capacity — the infinite capacity — of the community to adjust to, apply and to disseminate ideas,” says Roy, 65, in a calm baritone as he sits cross-legged on a rug beneath a rotating fan in his simple office on the Barefoot campus. He wears a loose red shirt, or kurta, with white pyjama bottoms. His glasses hang from a chain around his neck. “That’s what scalability is all about. It’s a model that people understand, it’s not complicated. It respects the skills that people have rather than discarding them or replacing them.”
Roy has disrupted the model that many NGOs and well-endowed foundations promote in the developing world, namely a top-down approach led by outside, often governmental, institutions. Critics argue that this methodology doesn’t offer long-term sustainable growth and isn’t scalable. Roy is among them.
“You have a graveyard of successful failures everywhere in the world with this top-down solution that has not worked. With foreign expertise… they don’t know the culture and they don’t know what’s happening in the countries.” His voice intensifies. “There is a growing anger We have to look for alternatives. It has to be bottom-up, it has to be indigenous, it has to develop solutions from the ground up, and it has to be both community based and community managed.”
There are now 24 colleges inspired by the Barefoot model in India. Since 2004, Roy has brought women from 15 African nations as well as Bhutan, Afghanistan and Bolivia to train at the camp as solar engineers. He hopes soon to bring women from Palestine. The college says it has trained 15,000 women in skills including solar engineering, healthcare, water testing and social activism, and that as a result, around 500,000 people have been provided with basic services such as healthcare, drinking water and education. On the Barefoot campus you can meet women who, only six months earlier, were day labourers and are now practising dentistry, women who formed a collective to manufacture solar ovens, illiterate farmers now overseeing engineering projects, and girls who attend Barefoot night school because they work in the fields during the day when state schools are open. Roy estimates that, in India, the Barefoot solar-electrification programme saves two million litres of kerosene every year.
The tech used at Barefoot College is simple — nothing more than a mobile phone or PC. An ongoing project is the monitoring of water quality in the region. Barefoot workers distribute testing kits and upload the data, which can then be accessed by villagers with their mobiles. Another is the Barefoot radio station which, as well as traditional music, broadcasts health and education information. People within 30km listen on their mobiles — which are charged using the solar lanterns manufactured on campus.
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